It is highly soluble in water; heating of the water solution decomposes the salt to nitrous oxide (laughing gas). In November 2009, the government of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan imposed a ban on ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizers in the former Malakand Division – comprising the Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Swat, Chitral, and Malakand districts of the NWFP – following reports that those chemicals were used by militants to make explosives. Ammonium nitrate was involved in the 1947 Texas City disaster, one of the largest industrial explosions in history. Health and safety data are shown on the safety data sheets available from suppliers and from various governments. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate makes a great fertilizer that can be directly applied to the soil. A number of crystalline phases of ammonium nitrate have been observed. Ethanolammonium nitrate is an organoammonium salt resulting from the mixing of equimolar amounts of nitric acid and ethanolamine. AN) is an inorganic salt with colorless and odorless crystals that are soluble in most organic solvents. Ammonium nitrate is a colourless crystalline substance (melting point 169.6 °C [337.3 °F]). Health and safety data are shown on the safety data sheets available from suppliers and from various governments.[21][22][23]. Ammonium nitrate has been mixed with a number of fuels such as sugar and aluminum. Nitrate, chemical formula NO3, has a chemical charge of -1. Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil (ANFO) mixtures provide a stable and powerful explosive that you can easily make in your garage: The most widely used dry blasting agent is a mixture of ammonium nitrate prills (porous grains) and fuel oil. Under certain conditions, this can lead to a runaway reaction, with the decomposition process becoming explosive. Ammonium nitrate has the chemical formula NH₄NO₃. but virtually 100% of the chemical now used is synthetic. Properties: UNIDO and International Fertilizer Development Center (1998), This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 09:56. Ammonium nitrate is an ingredient in certain explosives. [31] Additional uses such as education and research purposes may also be considered, but individual use will not. Contamination can reduce this to 20 atmospheres. Chemical Advisory: Safe Storage, Handling, and Management of Ammonium Nitrate, United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Report for Kooragang Island Update PHA MOD1 Report", "Guidance for Compatibility of Fertilizer Blending Materials", "Material Safety Data Sheet, Ammonium nitrate MSDS", "Lebanon's president calls for two-week state of emergency in Beirut after blast", "Behind the Beirut blast: the perils of abandoned ships and cargo", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonium_nitrate&oldid=998011954, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Shock-to-detonation transition. Employees of those with licenses to deal with the substance are still required to be supervised by authorized personnel and are required to pass a security and national police check before a license may be granted. CopyCopied, Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module. Ammonium nitrate was mined there in the past,[when?] The salt has been used in many terrorist attacks, particularly those involving large charge weights of over half a tonne. Ammonium nitrate can be defined as a salt of ammonia and nitric acid that is colorless and almost odorless compound. Total compositions by your criteria: 51 Ammonium nitrate can also be made via metathesis reactions: As ammonium nitrate is a salt, both the cation, NH4+, and the anion, NO3−, may take part in chemical reactions. Ammonium Nitrate quantity. It is an organoammonium salt and an ionic liquid. The Ammonium Nitrate Rules, 2012. It is made by reacting nitric acid with anhydrous ammonia under very carefully controlled conditions. These Compositions produce an amount of gas very fast, and are used as lift charges and burst charges in pyrotechnic devices such as erial shells (as the lift charge and the burst charge), in firecrackers (as the burst charge), mines (as the lift charge) and roman candles (as the lift charge). Ammonium nitrate has distinct chemical and physical properties which are used for a number of purposes. [27][28], Ammonium nitrate begins decomposition after melting, releasing NO x , HNO3, NH3 and H2O. Ammonium nitrate decomposes, non-explosively, into the gases nitrous oxide and water vapor when heated. Nitrate has a negative charge and is repelled by clay, remaining in the soil water solution. Otherwise, it can coalesce into a large, solid mass. For this reason, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) which incorporates metal halides as stabilisers has been investigated.[14]. Add to cart. [36] These bacteria require oxygen, so they do not function well in saturated soil or at great depths. Both decomposition reactions are exothermic and their products are gas. Why isn’t the full charge of N03 -9? REQUEST FOR QUOTE. Ammonium nitrate is classified as dangerous goods and all aspects of its use are tightly regulated. Molten ammonium nitrate is very sensitive to shock and detonation, particularly if it becomes contaminated with incompatible materials such as combustibles, flammable liquids, acids, chlorates, chlorides, sulfur, metals, charcoal and sawdust. Ammonium Nitrate (a.k.a. The molecule of ammonium nitrate is formed by the union of 2 nitrogen atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms and 3 oxygen atoms. Large stockpiles of the material can also be a major fire risk due to their supporting oxidation, a situation which can easily escalate to detonation. The reaction is violent owing to its highly exothermic nature. The net charge on this ion is -1 (since the nitrogen atom holds a charge of +1 and each oxygen atom holds a charge of -⅔). Ammonium Nitrate. Another production method is a variant of the nitrophosphate process: The products, calcium carbonate and ammonium nitrate, may be separately purified or sold combined as calcium ammonium nitrate. The salt is hardly found in nature, for its high water solubility. Very specialized bacteria convert ammonium to nitrate. 1910.109(i)(3)(ii)(a) Containers of ammonium nitrate shall not be accepted for storage when the temperature of the ammonium nitrate exceeds 130 deg. Ammonium nitrate has the chemical formula NH₄NO₃. Pyrotechnics data for your hobby. Ammonium Nitrate Commercial Grade Prills. Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion) G.S.R. [4] Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017.[5]. The resulting material is further processed to form granular prills. [12] See § Disasters for details. Produced as small porous pellets, or "prills", it's one of the world's most widely used fertilisers. It is the major constituent of ANFO, a popular industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices. You may be wondering why this is the case. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. Flexible Linear Shape Charge (Special Order Only) Shape Charge; My Account; Checkout; Quote; Logout; Ammonium Nitrate. When heated, ammonium nitrate decomposes non-explosively into gases of oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor; however, it can be induced to decompose explosively by detonation into nitrous oxide and water vapor. Therefore, it is important to store ammonium nitrate in a tightly sealed container. Explosions are not uncommon: relatively minor incidents occur most years, and several large and devastating explosions have also occurred. A number of trials were carried out in the 1960s but the substance was not adopted by NASA. CopyCopied, CSID:21511, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.21511.html (accessed 03:20, Jan 9, 2021)
The potential for use of the material as an explosive has prompted regulatory measures. View information & documentation regarding Ammonium nitrate, including CAS, MSDS & more. It has a role as a protic solvent. As a result, this phase transition and attending change of volume, with the practical consequence that ammonium nitrate formed as solid rocket motor propellant develops cracks. The ammonia required for this process is obtained by the Haber process from nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a white crystalline solid consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. For decades, Australia has produced, stored and used ammonium nitrate without a … Examples of explosives containing ammonium nitrate include: ANFO is a mixture of 94% ammonium nitrate ("AN") and 6% fuel oil ("FO") widely used as a bulk industrial explosive. It is also the main component in many types of mining explosives, where it's mixed with fuel oil and detonated by an explosive charge. [32], Ammonium nitrate is not hazardous to health and is usually used in fertilizer products.[32][33][34]. In order to understand this, let’s take a look at the number of atoms within a molecule of NO3 and understand how formal charges are calculated. It was first described in 1659 and, currently, is the most commercially important ammonium compound in production volume and usage terms. Ammonium nitrate has an LD50 of 2217 mg/kg,[35] which for comparison is about two-thirds that of table salt. The chemical compound responsible for the catastrophe was ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃). Description; Description. Ammonium nitrate is highly explosive when it decomposes but is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Ammonium nitrate, 6484-52-2. However, like many ionic compounds, ammonium nitrate dissolves readily in water, resulting in the separation of the ammonium cation from the nitrate anion.. Because most soil particles have a negative charge, they will repel negatively charged ions like nitrate. The chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the nitrate of ammonia with the chemical formula NH4NO3, is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and standard pressure. It is thought that, on this occasion, poor mixing had led to certain parts of the mass containing more ammonium nitrate than others. Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site, For medical information relating to Covid-19, please consult the, ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton, Inorganic Compound; Non-Metal; Fertilizer; Nitrate; Household Toxin; Industrial/Workplace Toxin; Synthetic Compound, DANGER: OXIDIZER, irritates skin and eyes. Storage of Bags, Drums, and Containers of Ammonium Nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is found as the natural mineral gwihabaite (formerly known as nitrammite)[7] – the ammonium analogue of saltpetre (mineralogial name: niter)[8][9] – in the driest regions of the Atacama Desert in Chile, often as a crust on the ground or in conjunction with other nitrate, iodate, and halide minerals.
The following occur under atmospheric pressure. Many ammonium nitrate disasters, with loss of lives, have occurred. A Cheaper Airbag, and Takata's Road to a Deadly Crisis. Numerous safety guidelines are available for storing and handling ammonium nitrate. Health and safety data are shown on the material safety data sheets, which are available from suppliers and can be found on the internet. It also was used, in combination with independently explosive "fuels" such as guanidine nitrate,[18][19] as a cheaper (but less stable) alternative to 5-aminotetrazole in the inflators of airbags manufactured by Takata Corporation, which were recalled as unsafe after killing 14 people.[20]. The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid:[10]. Ammonium Nitrate is a white crystalline, dry prill with the chemical formula NH 4 NO 3. [NH4+]. [30] Licenses are granted only to applicants (industry) with appropriate security measures in place to prevent any misuse. CopyCopied, InChI=1S/NO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1
[21][24][25] It should not be stored near combustible substances. Both the β-rhombic to α-rhombic forms are potentially present at ambient temperature in many parts of the world but have a 3.6% difference in density. These prills or granules are the typical AN products in commerce. it is an ingredient of many explosives, rather than an explosive itself). [16]:1 It is used in coal mining, quarrying, metal mining, and civil construction in undemanding applications where the advantages of ANFO's low cost and ease of use matter more than the benefits offered by conventional industrial explosives, such as water resistance, oxygen balance, high detonation velocity, and performance in small diameters.[16]:2. [N+](=O)([O-])[O-]
[26], Ammonium nitrate has a critical relative humidity of 59.4%, above which it will absorb moisture from the atmosphere. Related products. Pure ammonium nitrate does not burn, but as a strong oxidizer, it supports and accelerates the combustion of organic (and some inorganic) material. Under normal conditions, it is quite stable (i.e. Ammonium nitrate-based explosives were used in the Sterling Hall bombing in Madison, Wisconsin, 1970, the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, the 2011 Delhi bombings, the 2011 bombing in Oslo, and the 2013 Hyderabad blasts. CopyCopied, DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O
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