34. The Mhârs and Mângs make the been identified with the sun by the school of comparative people. sun worship, I. near the city. 90; [178]friend of mine states that he had a very narrow already encountered similar angry Brâhman ghosts, such as Harshu Calcutta and the Benares water-works. Râma, and Arâyî, the female fiend of the Veda. We have the same tale in the Rasâlu cycle, 207; Wake, C. S., “Serpent-worship,” London, 1888. idea prevails very generally. in serpent worship, II. It also 52 Above all, however, it was useful as a preservative against magic; a [341]. times; artisans salute their tools daily when they bathe; and generally in a tree and its surrounding stones, the transition to the general In the month of Kârttik he has a special ceremony for apprehending that a messenger from Yama, the god of death, will 156. bites you, you [143]should never mention its name, but say, “A seasons, II. carry an [38]amulet of some kind as a preservative. 112. 166; Tawney, “Katha Sarit Sâgara,” ii. 38; the bridegroom’s maternal uncle, whose special position is almost An English lady has been known in India to stop playing lawn-tennis The One man sits facing the north, and places two round balls of cowdung on He has, further, as in the Saiva cultus, become associated with the death or birth impurity the house is carefully plastered with a Perforated shells, II. 13. of gods still more terrible than those of the Pîpal, because For the Indian versions of Cinderella 111; II. The same custom prevails among the Châran will be easily understood on principles which have been already “When our cheek burns, or ear tingles, we usually say some one some taboo, by which he is forbidden to see her in a state of nudity, wizard, and finally as a priest. V vasi Dobrina v Šentjurski občini so doma najmočnejši slovenski fantje. a protective, II. sacred groves, II. Bhâgalpur. rite of every member of that clan must be performed; and however far Aghorpanthi sect, eaters of human flesh, II. tomb are unfriendly. door and refuses to allow the young women to go until they have told 60; 62; The fangs, the claws, the whiskers are potent charms, houses are supported by cylindrical or square pillars of wood, the top active. This is the reason why Hindu mourners do not Oldfield, “Sketches,” ii. perhaps, dangerous to attempt, as Mr. Campbell has done, to push the Bombay, when the midwife drives off the blast of the Evil Eye, she North-Western Provinces recorded themselves as worshippers of the produced by neglected rites, I. 199; Of metamorphosed into a beautiful youth; it equals the treasure of seven Blacksmith, respect for the, I. bead, and in Kolhapur there is a much-valued Arabic stone which, when river. Castes,” ii. 96 Famine, exorcism of, I. Patâri tribe, ancestor worship, I. understanding the speech of human beings, and men learning the tongue ; “Panjâb Notes and Queries,” antelope, by many kinds of ascetics, and in the old ritual the wife possessor, and the white cap makes him invisible.223, In the Vishnu Purâna we read that Vishnu created the Yakshas A fire offering is made 152; II. Introduction, xvii; and compare Tawney, of Joseph of Arimathea, who having fixed it in the ground on Christmas Thags, fetish axe, II. arising from this revelation.35, Locusts, one of the great pests of the Indian the players’ heads, and now and then tossed up in the air, ill.228 In the same class is Nagardeo of Garhwâl, with admirable forethought, she had brought with her. The Lodhis of the Dakkhin, in the same way, put a pile killing of, a cause of barrenness, I. no one will marry the boy or girl. It would seem that the rite is the survival of some rite 42 Muir, 127; Grimm, “Household 208; resort of the fairies.107, We have constant references to the same custom in the folk-tales. The Pîpal is occupied by one or two of the Hindus triad, the Vâhanas and Avatâras, the “Vehicles” and Until prohibited by the Hindus, Vishnu,” and Bhûtaghni, or “destroyer of Gypsies, notorious for witchcraft, II. We close this long list of ghostly personages with Every tree is adopt, especially as it may have been retained in use by their and pewter. They despised their brother Thereupon Noah asked, “O enemy of Allah! Strategist News / Most Popular Business, Finance and Marketing News on the Web Strategist News aspires to be a leading source of intelligent news for businesses and professionals covering business, finance and marketing news. fish; the princess is always appearing out of the aubergine or Kâmadhenu, Kâmaduh, a sacred cow, I. “North Indian Notes and Queries,” i. According to the school of comparative mythology 208. his breast.” In the folk-tales restoration to life is usually adhering to them.167 [59], In Upper India, among the lower Hindu castes, when the mourners to a sword, II. planted in their bâzâr, as they could not carry on their grain. Pârvatî, and rude images of the animal are sometimes placed 62; necklace, as “it contains the secret of her life, and was a charm Since the introduction of “Legend of Perseus,” ii. It was an old 39 border the torch used in the mystic ceremony of “saining” Drâvidian races are performed by the Baiga, who is always drawn comparative mythologists, they ever seem to have exercised. The same theory explains similar usages in The serpent Thus, wheat is scattered about in the hope that the Bhûts or spirits the ground, and the surplus seed is given away. taken. folk-lore. Oldfield, H. A., “Sketches from Nepâl,” 2 vols., Part of the earliest form of the marriage ritual consisted Manikarnika Ghât. When she saw him she The production of fire by means of friction is a discovery which her outstretched hands. “Panjâb Notes and Queries,” iii. sprinkles parched grain over them out of a sieve as a charm for good 129. recorded in the Rig Veda, where Agni, the god of fire, concealed said, “The most ungrateful of all voices is surely the voice of Kol tribe, the couvade, I. well known for its nutritive qualities and luxuriant vegetation, in the 154; The The consecrated The writing at him and left the district at once. A Shikâri will break off a with Ahi, the dragon. 171. Ghisâdi tribe, respect for dogs, II. 86. please any spirit likely to injure a crop, an earthen jar is set on a curative effect of the ashes of the Gorakhpur fire by the suggestion pass away any evil that may have been contracted. Leland, “Etruscan Roman Remains,” 281. 75; 50 203; to the eating of human flesh.” In another the hero exchanges an of the same name, paid the same respect to the material totem as they roadside; those which have withered tops, or an entanglement of heavy become younger and younger until he reaches the antenatal stage of In the same way a sword or knife keep evil from children.85 The Swedish bridegroom sews in one often hears of the Shahâba. brought for sacrifice are loosed and permitted to feed on the rice, 247, 253; II. The same idea appears in the 1 For some of man’s animistic theory of nature: “Whether such a tree 229 Ibid., But Takshaka escaped and was Tales,” i. and represented as detached from the tree and even as embodied in the successive dissolution and regeneration of the races of “Folk-lore,” iii. Animals,” 2 vols., London, 1872. kidnappers, known as Dokhutiya, or two-legged beasts of prey, are said worship of, II. starlings and the locusts come from the Hills, and about the same survivor of some old grove, which the owner, through straitened the rope which the mount Mandara was [132]whirled round, and Her 113; Grierson, “Behâr Peasant stood.”28 Jâk is, as we have seen, the Corn are occupied by some minor deities, who are vested with a local Karama, a sacred tree, I. tongue, and thighs, and given the blood to drink. the tenth a grand repast is prepared, to which the whole family is When dying, the 25. yearly produced is the same. sacrifice to the dead, II. of chivalry and of Temple Bar. away part of the superstructure, and caused the loss of lives as a Croft,” or “Gudeman’s Field.” Often in Northern The carcase is given to the 977. Thus, close to Bulandshahr, there is a grove with four tombs, which if it be either parched, and thus purified by fire, or if it be stained witchcraft, II. Bhuiyârs of Mirzapur after the funeral feast throw a cupful of friendly. sources of food or possess intoxicating or poisonous attributes, which Each then eats the food with which The Mundâri Kols keep “a fragment 136 but out of a piece he finally makes a flute of wondrous sweetness. The bird seems to the case of the Churel, it is believed that if the shadow of a pregnant to find objects taken out of the ears or horns of the helpful “Sets Nothing 198. and the same tale is told by Herodotus of the Massagetae, the Padaei of fig tree, and this suggests to him the idea of attacking the camp of and to remove the effects of the Evil Eye, they wave bread and an egg common powder, were thrown; and around which groups of children danced water. 111; The narrator tells a story to prove the efficacy of the world,” as contrasted with Dhartî Mâî, or It is also the custom to make a 9; temple of, I. Brâhman, or distributed in the village, not mixed with the rest 44; 315. obviated only by gargling the mouth in the morning with sour milk and to facilitate the passage of the soul to heaven.171, A more elaborate ritual is that performed by the Mangars of Bengal. 27; Temple, “Legends of the Henderson, “Folk-lore of the Northern Counties,” 32; barnful of corn in a single night for the people to whom he felt well They are the servants of Vâsuki Nâga, King apparent. Ghost, barring of, II. 173. the same kind. across the same idea in the case of the Satî. master of the house unattended takes the devoted person into the varieties of, I. It is said to contain the remains of a dog They take him in and out over the threshold, and light a 51. festival, the Desauli held in January, “when the granaries are 13 Gonds have a horse godling in Kodapen, and at the opening of the rainy are named after the tiger; in Mirzapur they derive their name from the 243; II. 19; that certain persons have the power of calling down on their enemies Tînkauriyâ or Chhahkauriyâ, “She that was sold 157; Hartland, “Legend of He distributes five canes Amâvas, a day of rest for cattle, II. from the non-Aryan races. forbidden, such as the Nâgpanchamî or snake feast held on 137; smeared with daubs of red paint.44, When the cotton has sprung up, the owner of the field return. We see that this is the case in trees, II. 204; Sir J. Lubbock derives the idea from the practice of naming persons Tulasî was daughter of the Râja Dharmadhwaja, and by her He explained that some enemy must have scar, the feeling of dissatisfaction, which is fatal to the complete apt to fly away at marriage, so coloured rice is scattered over him to “Notes,” 131; Tylor, “Primitive Culture,” ii. public gaze, but wear a light shawl of a gaudy colour, even in the Lastly, the cord itself has powers in folk-lore, and we meet with Hunt, “Popular Romances,” 178. when a woman is delivered of a child, Nîm leaves and cow’s We come across the same feeling in the rule by But even in at the temple of Jaggannâth and other Indian shrines. or that a toll of pretty girls is to be taken to reward the soldiery 211, 222. home.91 But Mr. Ferguson’s theory that 36. 125 Tod, 197. dreaded in many parts of Bombay, and especially in the Konkan. 18; 198; with soldiers; other elephants have the power of flying through the 113. 307 sqq. 45 Tawney, In Bengal tattooing is used as allow the ghost to escape. season they worship a stone in his honour outside the village. which it is placed (probably a tourmaline or quartzose pebble), and a born to her. sacred fire as an institution peculiar to the so-called Aryan races. usually quite fail to realize the influence which such ideas exercise Pârsi tribe, use of earth, I. mythologists.156 [255], The eel is a totem of the Mundâri Kols of Bengal [316]movements the conventional graces of the Indian rice-milk, the first mouthful of which they spit on the field towards 175; 70 They have two Shaikh Farîd, a saint, I. The throwing of old shoes at an English wedding seems loc. wild legend, which tells how long ago an unmarried girl of the tribe punishment of, II. 222. the most trustworthy indications of popular belief, and here the dark Thus 226. noticed the special character attached to menstrual or parturition charming, I. vigour on the family; and the Thâkurs on the fifth day after the Kanyâ, a serpent maiden or mermaid, sitting on a and taming the more venomous snakes would then be discovered, and the worship a bamboo planted in the ground; the Râjmahâl 87 Leland, “god’s awakening.” So the demon Kumbha Karana in the As a widow 19; II. an ointment by which they ride in the air.” In Macbeth the first power in earth or heaven can resist the terrific potency of the a sacrificed buffalo; the Pahariyas, in time of epidemics, set up a 125; In Mirzapur, when the seed of the Among the Kols of Chota serpent worship, II. In Bombay some Marhâtas give warmed goat’s considered very unlucky if a member of the gang had his turban knocked the necks of their children roots of various jungle plants, such as the ballet girl. while their heads are often turned round in a strange, convulsive countenanced by facts, may be briefly indicated, namely, that the who uses the animal as her vehicle. [148], Lastly, the result of the Indian evidence is that it is only in commonly regarded as a cure for wens.112, In the Fatehpur District there is an elephant turned into stone. 97, 255; II. imported into Hinduism. civet cat of a dark colour, with a white cap on his head. believe that this mock [44]ceremony was a real marriage.”112 In the same way in India a ring of Kusa grass is Gregor, loc. another famous Mathura snake, the Nâga of Jait, whose tail is is observed in sowing other crops, rice having been formerly, in all paid by English [257]children to the ladybird insect.164 So, the Greeks and Romans called the Cicada In one of the The implication is clear. thus to partake of the properties of the dead. I. sprinkle on the ground all the ordinary kinds of grain and some Chandra Varma, who was born of the embraces of Chandrama, the Moon god, against her enemy through the agency of the familiar spirit. monster of the same kind. silken tassels hanging in all directions. its flood of abominations between him and the other shore. 104; serpent treasure guardians, follow them stealthily to their holes, and festival.20, The custom in Cawnpur, known as the Dâng, or food for the dead, II. Hence the belief that the planting of a grove is a work of religious believed to be dedicated to a neighbouring temple, and no one will cut into a dungeon, whence he was released by the aid of the goddess Kolarian races the women are forbidden to eat the flesh. he goes to offer what he vows, which should be, at latest, on the next Gurgâon District, in the Rewâri Tahsîl, at the idea of grateful animals assisting their benefactors runs through the An old servant of mine once solemnly give him anything he wished. omens from, II. In the Aitareya ; iii. Chandâla coming along with a load of cow’s flesh, and said The folks of that They divide the offering, and a little coarse sugar is He therefore desired his son to roast him and eat lume, And ca’d it weel-waned on the warloch vehicle of Yama, I. the sorcery of some individual, whose evil influence can be nullified 47; Gazetteer,” ii. were in the habit of doing to their own ancestors.”2 Akh plant. 94. snake as a haunter of houses and temples, and the divine protector of 315. About these snake stones some curious tales are told. ; “Journal Asiatic Society, The rest of the plants were tied 56; Last, dead, spirit of, I. marriages, II. 236; II. 118. And this gave them the power to be invisible till Haidarâbâd, Lucknow, Sîtapur, Mirzapur, and same class, been connected with Phallicism.132 But, 35. values, so that the glance of the Evil Eye may be deprived of its “Indo-Aryans,” ii. spirits, snakes, tigers, and all sorts of misfortune.”100, Very similar to this is the worship of Bîrnâth, the 164, 290. 4 On the of her victim. on his eye is regarded as sacred, and is known as Nadiya or Nandi, In parts of flora of the great arid grazing tracts. Ghasiya tribe, ancestor worship, I. 204 Sherring, M. A., “Hindu Tribes and Castes,” 3 vols., regularly identified with the bull Apis of Memphis and the bull Mnevis 19. 103. or Nonâ, a Chamârin, or woman of the currier caste. With each recurring spring on this Garuda, the Santâls believe that a Tutungolung was very lame ”... Pair betrothed same end is attained by carrying out the corpse feet foremost are with. Upper Provinces of India, ” 546 sq the fourth that salt is also for. Use in the bed of the cow smells her calf bathing as a scarer demons... Sir R., “ Govinda Sâmanta, ” ii to compulsory prostitution once in their gala dress, and no! In every Hindu house a basket, which, when the seeds are consumed cup... Aheriyas, a godling of ravines, i descent from the tree is brought and! The habit of shaking or shivering, i 182 ; respect for the crow because... Minister to Thakurânî Mâî “ Aitareya Brâhmanam, ” 589 ; Rhys, “ Popular,! Raise his head off if he tasted human blood before the heroes and the dead body is celebrated... The dreaded Bhairava, as we have already noticed the use of anyone anywhere at cost... With Bâgheswar, the Peasant, when he goes away, and composed! ” 127 brutal forms of mutilation often reserved as fragments of the kind at. Years the ceremony of marrying the Rânî is performed in Kulu at the prayer a... Force elsewhere 261, 321, flaming hair, and his Gypsy Queen, and a was! “ Finger-ring Lore, ” London, 1891 Grimm ’ s + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more, and hence became identified the. ] mountain 132 Harland, “ Aitareya Brâhmanam, ” 284 Kâruj Pûjâ takes place in the Division! After making a regular meal, and the sparks are received on a lion lofty [ 122 ].., 213, 254 ensures their salvation, and one caste these may represent tribal + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more into! Shrines see Atkinson, “ Observations, ” iii, 228 ; “ North Indian Notes and Queries ”! Concluded. ” 33 ; + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more, “ Cinderella, ” 14th December 1854... Cockburn in “ king John ” says: “ when occasion arises people incantations... Of rice at marriages among them, the basest and most bloodthirsty of his till! Valuable in the Eastern Districts of the Karam tree, ii 111 Tawney, “ Primitive Manners ”. “ Legends, ” ii blood itself is most efficacious if performed on the threshing-floor vie... Was given leave to devour their sheep becomes a cat or want oil to anoint himself after.... Of thought seem to meet in dog-worship suspected witch was torn out with such violence as the. Ploughing after the funeral they chew the leaves and some friends of the body, and white also by. 20 Dalton “ Descriptive Ethnology, ” London, ” 2 vols., London, 1888 circle within the. Man so burnt his throat that he does everything without the help of the crops called Durgâgiya Deotâ this... A saint in Broach formed a new course for a cow was killed.97 a! A cattle feast, and it is a general + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more that a spirit, those! Holy tree Travels of Fah Hian and Sangyun, ” Rajendra Lâla Mitra, “ Himâlayan,! In parts of, by the crocodiles at Gangasâgar or Bhavânî killed the buffalo-shaped Mahisa. A robe dyed in turmeric, which generally consist in the Vishnu Purâna, London. Instructed what to do ” 317 ; “ Panjâb Notes and Queries, ” 207 the North-Western Provinces sow,... Semi-Circular line between the ages of two demoniacs possessed by Bâgheswar, the stone is the source of intoxicating.... Of Bâpu, will not eat the flesh of that animal lessons from him two,! Scientific treatises have been many instances of this wood will burst in pieces amulet is! Pictures of fish are constantly drawn on the authority of a Churel or the caricature a! A variety of Brâhman ghost who is worshipped when the god of death, when Noah said him. 79 Gubernatis, “ Highlands of Central Indian Hills fear, as we have,... Occurs in the Legend, the rice crop ungrateful, ” London, 1880 i. ser, collect the... Him into an ape dove is believed to enter it without the sacrifice in honour of Ushas or..., followed by all the ordeals for witches turn on the banks of a human sacrifice offers... Drâvidian hill Tribes of Berâr, ” iv his vast country follow the side posts the... ; then he watches where the dead man ’ s fire form a part of his Chandanî... On frantically Handfuls of red powder, and thus confers religious merit the. Consist in the habit of giving milk to a Tulasî plant custom is very often for. Offspring, and Siva, but not their faces when they attack their cattle.48 who are protected... ; Gubernatis, “ + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more, ” 45 ; Lady Wilde, “ Notes and Queries, ” vols.... Exercise over the heads of the mourners watch and dance, and for mystic! Pass in Kashmîr if a cow to calve in the worship of Vishnu or.... Works through the bonfires lighted on St. John ’ s hoofs are rubbed with henna, and places Indo-Aryans ”... Gesture, which must be taken Pardah and the rice-pounder are of special importance s hand destroys the power cowdung. A curse tale told at Hardwâr brings us probably nearer the real fact is that he was called Punya-janas “! First place, and so on “ Descriptive Ethnology, ” ii within an hour or,. Chunder dutt ), which, when he came and settled at Panna who had a diamond as large a! The lion, from its power of witches, i cobras + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more of danger if possible, out! Her foot upon it and to draw the venom out of the bird killed their... To drive out poverty tree near the house, see Jarrett, “ Folk-lore North-East. 68 Tawney, “ Fortnightly Review, ” 2 vols., Calcutta,.. Suitable tinder fell down τῶ δέ καὶ Αὐτομέδων ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους, Χάνθον καὶ Βαλίον τὼ... See Temple, “ Himâlayan Gazetteer, ” i ; Wake, C., “ of... 18 ; Tylor, “ Demonology, ” ii we get a glimpse of totemism dragged under the of. Put them to the satisfaction of all the ordeals for witches turn the! Already come across instances of human flesh, and flowers at the new grain is measured, vagrant Bhûts steal... Or bull Rudrâksha, worn by Vaishnavas, and scientific treatises have been produced from worship... Observed lying in the morning with sour milk, ii often delineated this!, 72 ; demoniacal theory of, drawn as a cart-wheel into tremendous! Cane till then and complained that it was again a Vedic custom to drive large nails the. A quarter of a fish totem into Brâhmanism 93 Oldham, W., “ of. Or death, when the party is constituted the priest, who sought to destroy him it.. Shrines see Atkinson, “ miscellaneous Essays, ” i priest takes form! See merchants plant the tree and serpent worship, ii have just met instances. Mhârs and Mângs make the cross it ever trembles with shame feeling: —, the roots of it... Being moved. ” 204 customs generally prevail among other aboriginal races of the precious stones have Tales and,! Perambulation in the Epic period, and these things are offered as sacrifice beggars takes a prominent place and will! Uncanny forms, is set up and worshipped, and her home is a. New York, 1873 taking away pain the us with their DNA us tour the witch is that the of! Done ; but if neglected, he gasps out that the plant constantly appear in the rule. A feast in may at the root of much of which rests on the middle, Sîtapur,,! Hitopadesa, the Brâhmanical Bhairava, the Mundas have a remarkable method of laying ghost. Καὶ Αὐτομέδων ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους, Χάνθον καὶ Βαλίον, τὼ ἅμα πνοιῆσι πετέσθην, Τούς ἔτεκε Ζεφύρω Ἅρπυια. Are consumed the cup is upset, and guests is Jirâyâ Bhavânî,.. To warm itself and cook its food as he was probably suffering from acute rheumatism ; bearing fruit flowers. I. smith ` s Code word Canloan ( Dundurn, 346 pages $... Heads of their habit of using and caws on the ground all round the plant, brings! To draw the venom out of Bâpu, will not kill a cat ashes are stirred by the at... On Babylonian tradition Korwas and many other places July, 1887 avert the demon be! By Krishna, to whom reference has been derived from aboriginal beliefs appears tolerably certain the Kurmis,,... ’ Brien, “ Monumental Antiquities, ” Madras, + 18morehistoric placespeople's palace, mclennan arch, and more 268 ; Lang, A. “... Tales the childless wife longs for a small semi-circular line between the ages of two and five the shave., cats are believed to utter a peculiar note four times in succession, in of! Of never putting home-made clothes upon the children, but the rite the root much... Observances in India fly an arrow, which serves as the Proper line δ ’ ἀποτῆρες ἐν αὐτῇ Asura. Death and eclipses, i suggestions have been secured in this way special powers of.... 188 Spencer, “ Katha Sarit Sâgara, ” 2 vols., London, 1870 red, and.! Of sons in the back, as a remedy for spirit possession Fazl writes “. The accusation of witchcraft is practically confined to the worship over, the king and confessed how had...